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Pacific crevalle jack
The Pacific crevalle jack, (''Caranx caninus''), is a species of large marine fish classified in the jack family Carangidae. The species is distributed through the tropical waters of the eastern Pacific Ocean from California in the north to Peru in the south, including several offshore islands. The species is best identified by its deep body and mostly unscaled breast, as well as other more detailed anatomical features. The species is known to grow to a maximum length of 101 cm and a weight of 19.7 kg. Disagreement on the status of the species has been significant in the scientific literature, with many claiming it to be conspecific with or subspecific to the Atlantic ''Caranx hippos'' (crevalle jack). The most recent review of the crevalle jacks strongly concluded it to be a separate species based on the development of hyperostosis and fin colouring. It is predominantly a schooling inshore species, inhabiting sandy and rocky substrates, although larger individuals are occasionally found living pelagically to depths of 350 m. The Pacific crevalle jack is a fast-swimming predator, taking a variety of fish, crustaceans, and other small invertebrates. Spawning is thought to occur year-round, although peaks occur during November and May. The Pacific crevalle jack is an important species to commercial fisheries, with data available from Colima in Mexico indicating it accounts for up to 15% of the entire yearly catch. Pacific crevalle jack are highly rated gamefish, taken by both bait and a variety of lures, but are considered relatively poor quality food.
==Taxonomy and naming==
The Pacific crevalle jack is classified within the genus ''Caranx'', one of a number of groups known as the jacks or trevallies. ''Caranx'' itself is part of the larger jack and horse mackerel family Carangidae, a group of percoid fishes in the order Perciformes. The species is part of what William Smith-Vaniz and Kent Carpenter term the ''Caranx hippos species complex'', a group of three closely related and anatomically similar species, which also includes ''Caranx hippos'' (Crevalle jack) and ''Caranx fischeri'' (Longfin crevalle jack).
The species was first properly scientifically described by the British zoologist Albert Günther in 1867 based on a specimen taken from Panama, which was designated to be the holotype. He named the species ''Caranx caninus'', with the specific epithet meaning 'dog like'. Apart from disagreements pertaining to the possible conspecificity of the species with ''Caranx hippos'', the taxonomy has been very stable, with not one independent redescription and naming. There has, however, been considerable debate in the past as to whether the Pacific crevalle jack is the same species as its Atlantic counterpart, ''Caranx hippos''. To this end it has previously been referred to as ''C. hippos'', and John Nichols argued it was a subspecies, creating the trinomial name ''Caranx hippos caninus''. Yoshio Hiyama also referred the species to a subgenus he created; ''Tricropterus'', creating the name ''Caranx (Tricropterus) hippos'', which is now considered invalid. The most recent review of the species by Smith-Vaniz and Carpenter treated the fish as a separate species, citing differences in the development of hyperostosis and differing anal fin colours as evidence of different species.〔 The species is commonly referred to as the 'Pacific crevalle jack' or 'Pacific jack crevalle' due to its close appearance to the Atlantic 'crevalle jack', as well as a variety of Spanish names.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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